地面水中酚类污染物的树脂吸附富集反相高压液相色谱测定

以乙腈－水－醋酸（３１：６８：１,Ｖ／Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相的反相ＨＰＬＣ－ＵＶ法,可以方便地对水中酚类进行直接分离和分析。采用树脂吸附法为ＨＰＬＣ的预富集步骤,选用国产吸附树脂ＧＤＸ－５０２为富集剂,二氧六环为洗脱剂,可以定量测定水中μｇ／Ｌ级以下的多种酚。在实验条件下,９种一元酚的平均变异系数为２．４％,其中８种酚的富集回收率大于９０％。用本法测得的地面水的总酚含量与４－氨基安替比林法具有可比性。     

减振降噪功能材料的研制

根据材料性能的要求,选择环氧树脂为粘合剂,低分子聚酰胺为固化剂,石粉,石英砂,玻璃纤维３种物质为填料,根据优化的配方制成一种高分子复合材料,该材料的硬度约为２４０ＨＢ左右,冲击强度约为３０ｋｇ·ｃｍ／ｃｍ＾２,均接近于某些金属材料的指标,易成型,并且成本较低,可以用来代替纺织厂有梭织机的某些受撞击比较严重的金属部件,具有广泛的应用价值。     

吸附树脂对苯甲酸的吸附动力学研究

对比超高交联吸附树脂NJ 8与AmberliteXAD 4对苯甲酸的静态吸附动力学性质 ,并深入讨论温度和起始浓度对平衡时间和吸附速率的影响。NJ 8和XAD 4两种树脂在吸附苯甲酸的过程中 ,膜扩散和颗粒内扩散均为主控步骤 ,但是前者颗粒内扩散占据优势 ,而后者膜扩散占据优势     

固相萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定自然水体痕量钍和铀

自然水体中Th和U的浓度极低,尤其Th的浓度单位仅为ng/L,定量测试非常困难。该研究建立了一种NOBIAS PA1螯合树脂萃取结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定自然水体中痕量Th和U的分析方法。该方法首先使用UV/H₂O₂法消解水样30 min,去除水体中的有机物,然后在pH=3.00±0.05条件下,将水样以2 mL/min流速通过树脂对Th和U进行富集,使用NH₄AC-HAC溶液去除树脂上吸附的盐类,最后用1 mol/L超纯硝酸对样品进行洗脱,用ICP-MS测试。分析结果显示：Th和U的流程空白值分别为0.47、0.22 ng/L,检出限分别为2.9、2.3 ng/L,测定下限分别为11.46、9.11 ng/L。将该方法应用于不同有机物浓度的咸水和淡水中,结果显示：Th和U的回收率分别为97%～104%和98%～103%,相对标准偏差分别为3%～6%和1%～3%。说明该方法具有较高的回收率、精密度和准确度,适用于自然界各种不同水体中Th和U的定量分析。     

Adsorption mechanism of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid(SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8.     

微电解—芬顿氧化工艺预处理高浓度松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水

为了降低松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水的COD并改善其可生化性,采用微电解—芬顿氧化工艺对该废水进行预处理。研究了pH、微电解反应时间、曝气、双氧水投加量等对微电解和芬顿氧化处理效果的影响,考察了COD去除率和BOD₅/COD值的变化趋势。实验结果表明：曝气条件下,调节废水pH为4、进行2次微电解、微电解反应时间各2.0 h时,废水的COD去除率为38%,BOD₅/COD值提高为0.18;再投加7.5%（w）的双氧水,废水的COD去除率为65.3%,BOD₅/COD值为0.37。采用微电解—芬顿氧化的预处理工艺,不仅有效去除了废水的COD,而且显著改善了废水的可生化性。     

A miniature stainless steel net dumbbell-shaped stir-bar for the extraction of phthalate esters in instant noodle and rice soup samples

Abstract

This work reports the development of a very-simple-to-construct stir-bar extraction device so called “a dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar.” The extraction device was assembled from a rolled up stainless steel net filled with an XAD-2 sorbent and a metal rod to allow the use of a magnetic stirrer during extraction. The dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar was used to extract diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) before analysis by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GD-ECD). Under the optimal conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity from 10.0 to 1,000.0?ng mL^?1 for all three compounds. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 9.37?±?0.29?ng mL^?1 and 31.22?±?0.95?ng mL^?1 for DEP, 5.73?±?0.31?ng mL^?1 and 19.1?±?1.0?ng mL^?1 for DBP and 3.30?±?0.06?ng mL^?1 and 11.0?±?0.19?ng mL^?1 for DEHP, respectively. Good recoveries in the range of 81.89?±?0.17 to 109.5?±?2.0% were achieved when the method was used to extract phthalate esters in five instant noodle and two rice soup samples.     

Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio

• Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks. The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used Anodkalness^TM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH₄⁺-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.     

改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的合成及性能研究

研究了反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度、ＰＨ值对丙烯酰胺改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂絮凝效果的影响，实验结果表明絮凝效果最佳的合成反应条件为三聚氰胺／甲醛／丙烯酰胺（质量比）＝１／５（２－３），反应温度为７０℃，反应时间为４ｈ，ＰＨ值为９．０左右。     

野外便携净水器净水消毒工艺试验研究

野外便携净水器应具杀菌消毒效率高、净水时间短、使用寿命长、操作方便等功能使用要求。通过试验考察了三碘树脂和载银活性炭两种不同净水消毒工艺流程对原水处理效果。结果表明：三碘树脂材料比载银活性炭材料具有灭菌效果好、反应接触时间短、使用时间长等优势，是一类具有良好军事应用价值的野外便携净水器的净水消毒材料。